Leopard Print Extensions

Why the patient should not eat or drink just before you have surgery [Part 2]

What is the swallow?

complex is an important function in acting muscles in the respiratory and digestive systems. Its purpose is to transport the bolus into the esophagus by preventing the introduction into the trachea and, hence, to bronchi and lungs. It involves various structures such as the mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. It consists of four phases, the first two phases are controlled voluntarily, whereas the latter two are involuntary (reflex).

1) oral preparatory phase
Food bites and chewed to turn it into a mass (bolus) homogeneous easier to swallow.

2) oral propulsive phase
the bolus is carried over the tongue to the back of the mouth, and when it makes contact with the anterior pillars of the palate starts the swallowing reflex.

3)
pharyngeal phase It takes place on the passage of food into the esophagus preventing:
a) The bolus passes into the nasopharynx, thanks to the closure of the soft palate and breathing stopped for a split second. There is a "coordination" between the brain centers of swallowing and breathing.
b) The bolus mouth again, thanks to the back of the tongue prevents it.
c) The bolus enters the trachea by the epiglottis closes the glottis and vocal cords are closed.
All these actions are necessary so that no passage of the bolus to the airways.
Once has been swallowed food bolus airway open so that breathing continue.

4) Phase esophageal
The bolus passes through the upper esophageal sphincter and then goes into the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter.

Animation swallowing

What is vomiting?

is the violent and spasms of the stomach contents through the mouth.
1) Events strong and sustained contractions of the upper portion of the small intestine and the pyloric portion lower stomach.
2) is dilated fundus the stomach, relax the upper and lower sphincters of the esophagus, there is an inspiration and closes the glottis (larynx closes at the right time to stop the vomiting is directed towards lungs) .

3) The contracting the diaphragm and abdominal muscles and diaphragm contributing to eject stomach contents through the mouth.

during swallowing and vomiting, the epiglottis closes the glottis ("gateway" to the larynx, trachea, bronchi) to prevent food or gastric contents enter the lungs, respectively. This is called "protection of the airway."

loss during states of consciousness as an extreme drunkenness (what happened with drummer John Bonham), or to find a patient under general anesthesia, you lose ownership of the closure of the airway by the epiglottis. If vomiting occurs Accordingly, much of it will go to the lungs, causing choking and aspiration pneumonia from gastric acid.


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